Urinalysis write-up

Test	Normal values	Abnormal values	Sample 1	Sample 2	Sample 3	Sample 4	Unknown Sample
Color	Colorless	Milky
	Straw	Brownish yellow
	Amber	Green
	Smoky	Brown
Cloudiness	Clear	(+) Slight
		(++) Moderate
		(+++) Cloudy
		(++++) Very Cloudy
Specific Gravity	1.001-1.060	>1.060
pH	4.8-7.5	<4.5, >7.5
Protein	none	see color chart
Glucose	none	see color chart
Ketones	none	see color chart
Hemoglobin	none	see color chart

Answer the following for the unknown sample.

1. What, if any, abnormal results did you see?

2. For each abnormal result, describe the physiological cause, possible pathologies and what further questions/ test you would do to determine the cause of the abnormal result.