Over the years most of my research efforts have been in the area of invertebrate physiology. This began in the late 1960's working on the regulation of glycolysis in different tissues of the striped shore crab, Pachygrassis crassipes, in the laboratory of Frank Schatzlein. During my stay at University of Massachusetts in the early 1970's I investigated the regulation of glycogen deposition in the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis deminuta, in the laboratory of Larry Roberts. Most of my work at James Madison University has been with the Atlantic blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. These investigations have been concerned with the chemical and mechanical processes of post-molt shell hardening, and with the digestive proteases from the midgut gland.

My primary interests are now in the areas of science administration, science education, and curriculum development. Over the years I have developed and taught a wide variety of courses although now, after returning from a several year stint in administration, I am focusing on just a few.