Axial Skeleton lab

You should be able to identify the following anatomical features on the bony skeleton and/ or the cadaver or cadaver model. When observing features on the bony skeleton, be sure to consider the structures attaching to them or related to them. Use your atlas and your text to identify structures and understand their relationships.

• On any vertebra:
  • Body
  • Arch
  • Vertebral Canal
  • Pedicle
  • Lamina
  • Transverse process
  • Spinous process
  • Superior and Inferior articular processes
  • Inferior vertebral notch
  • Intervertebral foramen

   

• On applicable vertebrae:
  • Costal facets
  • Foramen transversarium
  • Bifid spinous process
  • Accessory processes
  • Dens
  • Anterior and posterior tubercles of transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
  • Posterior and anterior tubercles of atlas
  • Sacral hiatus
  • Sacral cornua
  • Auricular surface of the sacrum
  • Median, intermediate, and lateral sacral crests
  • Dorsal and Ventral sacral foramina

   

• On skull:
  • Superior nuchal line
  • Inferior nuchal line
  • Mastoid process
  • Occipital condyle
  • Foramen magnum

• On sternum
  • Manubrium
  • Jugular notch of manubrium
  • Xiphoid process

   

• Other:
  • Supraspinous Ligament
  • Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
  • Ligamentum flava
  • Ligamentum nuchae

   

• Greater occipital nerve
• (Suboccipital nerve)
• Occipital artery
• Vertebral artery

• Latissimus dorsi
• Trapezius
• Thoracolumbar fascia
• Serratus posterior superior and inferior
• Splenius
• Semispinalis
• Iliocostalis
• Longissimus
• Spinalis
• Multifidus
• Obliquus capitus superior
• Obliquus capitus inferior
• Rectus capitis posterior major
• Rectus capitus posterior minor

• Spinal cord
• Dura mater
• Arachnoid mater
• Pia mater
• Conus medullaris
• Cauda equina
• Filum terminale